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    A Serologic Survey of Dirofilariasis, Leishmaniasis, Ehrlichiosis, and Anaplasmosis in Dogs in Siirt Province
    (2020) Çelik, Burçak Aslan; Çelik, Özgür Yaşar; Şahin, Tekin; İrak, Kıvanç; Bolacalı, Memiş; Biçici, Özlem; Baldaz, Vedat
    Canine vector-borne diseases are caused by a wide range of pathogens transmitted by arthropods.The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of Dirofilaria immitis antigen andEhrlichia canis, Leishmania infantum, and Anaplasma phagocytophilum/platys antibodies using aRapid test (Anigen Rapid Caniv-4 Leish, Bionote, South Korea). The study was conducted with atotal of 50 mixed-breed dogs (26 males and 24 females). Anaplasma phagocytophilum/platysantibodies were detected in 5 of the dogs (10%). None of the tested dogs were positive for D.immitis antigen or L. infantum and E.canis antibodies. As a result; it was concluded that protectionand control measures regarding anaplasmosis should be taken.
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    A SURVEY OF TOXOCARA VITULORUM IN ANATOLIAN WATER BUFFALOES (BUBALIS BUBALIS) IN DIYARBAKIR, TURKEY
    (Assiut University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 2022) Çelik, Burçak Aslan; Çelik, Özgür Yaşar; Ayan, Adnan; Kilinç, Özlem Orunç; Ayan, Özge Oktay; Görmez, Gül
    Toxocara vitulorum is a pathogenic gastrointestinal nematode found in cattle and buffaloes all over the world, especially in tropical and subtropical regions with humid climates. Buffalo farming is a sector whose value has increased in recent years in Turkey and is intensively performed to obtain various products such as milk, cream, meat, and horns. This study aims to determine the prevalence of T. vitulorum in Anatolian Water Buffaloes in Diyarbakır. Fresh stool samples from animals were placed in individual stool containers. The sex and age of the animal were recorded for each sample collected. The samples were evaluated under the light microscope after the application of the Fulleborn saturated salt solution method and under Scanning Electron Microscope. Positivity was detected in 5 (3.01%) of the 166 samples. Regarding prevalence by age groups, T. vitulorum was detected in 10% of the 0-6 month group, 4.17% of the 6-12 month group, and 0.89% of the older than 12 months group. The prevalence by sex was determined as 3.85% for females and as 1.61% for males. To determine the epidemiology of the disease in the region, it was concluded that larger herds should be studied and serological and molecular methods should be used to confirm and support the findings of microscopic methods. © 2022, Assiut University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine. All rights reserved.
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    A Survey on Prevalence of Toxocara vitulorum in Calves in Siirt
    (2022) Çelik, Burçak Aslan; Çelik, Özgür Yaşar; Ayan, Adnan; Ayan, Özge Oktay
    Toxocara genus has important risk for public health, and is a concern for both human and veterinary medicine. Toxocara vitulorum is the largest nematode for cattle and infests the small intestines of water buffalo, bison, and cattle living in tropical and subtropical regions with humid climates. The objective of the present study is to investigate the prevalence of Toxocara vitulorum in calves in Siirt province of Turkey. This study was carried out in the Siirt province, located in the Southeast Anatolian region. The animal material of the study consisted of a total of 100 calves of ages up to 6 months. Stool samples were collected directly from the rectum using disposable latex gloves, after which they were placed in individual stool containers. Samples brought to the laboratory were stored at +4 °C until analysis. Fülleborne's salty water flotation technique was applied to stool samples. The samples were then evaluated under a light microscope.As a result of the inspections, a positivity rate of 7% (7/100) was detected in the samples examined for Toxocara vitulorum by microscopic method. As a result of this study, the prevalence of the disease in Siirt province was revealed, and considering the losses caused by the infection, it was concluded that the disease should not be neglected. Farmers should be informed about the disease and appropriate treatment options for it.
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    CULTURE- AND POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION-BASED DETECTION OF Flavobacterium psychrophilum IN NATURALLY INFECTED RAINBOW TROUT (Oncorhynchus mykiss walbaum, 1792) FROM TROUT FARMS
    (2023) Özcan, Filiz; Arserim, Neval Berrin; Ketani, Muzaffer Aydın; Aydın, Kasım; Sever, Nurdan Karacan; Özcan, Nida; Çelik, Burçak Aslan
    The present study aimed to detect Flavobacterium psychrophilum in fish samples collected from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum 1792) farms in the Southeastern Anatolia region of Türkiye by means of bacteriological culture and polymerase chain reaction and to investigate the antibiotic susceptibility of the causative bacteria. A total of 40 trout farms located in Diyarbakır, Adıyaman, Şanlıurfa, and Batman provinces were visited, and 1200 samples were examined. During January and February 30 fish with an average live weight of 200–250 g were collected from each farm. Samples were obtained from the liver, spleen, kidneys, and tissues following macroscopic laboratory examination of the specimens. Antibiotic treatment is the treatment of choice owing to the lack of an effective vaccine in the control of the disease. Therefore, it is important to rapidly identify the bacterial species and investigate its susceptibility to antibiotics. In this study, the causative bacteria were detected in 5 out of 40 farms. The causative bacteria infected the liver, kidney, and tissues. The sensitivity of Enrofloxacin (5 microgram (µg)), Florfenicol (30µg), Neomycin (5µg), Amoxicillin (25µg), Oxytetracycline (30µg), Erythromycin (10µg), Gentamycin (5µg), Streptomycin (5µg) and Nalidixic acid (10µg) were defined at chancing ratios. In conclusion, these bacteria were detected in regional farms, which should minimize the stress factors by avoiding overstocking and following the required hygiene rules.
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    First Detection of Giardia duodenalis in Cats in Mardin Province
    (2022) Çelik, Burçak Aslan
    Giardia duodenalis is one of the most common digestive protozoa in humans and animals \rworldwide. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Giardia duodenalis in stray cats in \rMardin province in the Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey by using microscopic and \rmolecular methods. Fecal samples were taken from a total of 48 cats, 27 females, and 21 males. \rAnalysis of the samples with native-Lugol and PCR methods revealed a prevalence of 8.33% and \r16.67%, respectively (P<0.001). As a result of the study, a higher prevalence was found in females \r(18.52%) than in males (14.29%), in those under one year old (17.86%) than over one-year-old \r(15.00%), and in diarrheic cats (17.65%), than nondiarrheic cats (16.13) (P>0.05). As a result of \rthis study, the first detection of G.duodenalis in Mardin cats was made. Further studies are needed \rto investigate the general epidemiological status of giardiasis in domestic and stray cat populations.
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    Investigation of Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in Sheep and Goats in Siirt Province in Turkey
    (2020) Çelik, Burçak Aslan; Çelik, Özgür Yaşar; Mor, Neriman; İrak, Kıvanç
    This study was carried out to determine the seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in sheep and goats in Siirt province. Blood samples werecollected from a total of 450 female animals, consisting of 200 goats and 250 sheep in different part of Siirt province. Samples were centrifugedat 3000 rpm for 10 minutes and stored at -20 oC until use. The study was carried out by ELISA method using commercial test kit (Toxoplasmagondii Antibody Test Kit, IDEXX). According to the results of this study 28 of the 450 animals (6.22%) were positive, 393 (87.33%) werenegative, 17 (3.78%) were suspicious, while 12 (2.67%) were weak positive. As the result of the analyzes performed using the chi-square testa significant difference was found between the results and the species (p<005), and no significant difference between the results and theages group of the animals was observed (p>0.05). As a result, the presence of T. gondii in sheep and goats in Siirt region was determined forthe first time by this study. Since this study provides information about the current situation of T. gondii infection in Siirt region, it is thoughtthat it will contribute to taking necessary measures in terms of public health and disease control practices.
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    Investigations on Endohelmint Fauna of Teleost Fishes of Aras and Murat Rivers in Turkey
    (2021) Çelik, Burçak Aslan; Oğuz, Mehmet Cemal
    In this study which has been done between April 2008 and June 2009, fishes captured from Ağrı and Erzurum were examined by endoparasite fauna. Examined fishes are as follows: Acanthobrama marmid Heckel, 1843, Alburnus akili Battalgil, 1942, Barbus plebejus Bonaparte, 1839, Barbus mursa Güldenstädt, 1773, Capoeta barroisi Lortet in Barrois, 1894, Capoeta capoeta Güldenstädt, 1773, Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758, Leuciscus cephalus Linnaeus, 1758. Consequently, a total of 908 individual parasites were detected from six parasite species; Rhabdochona denudata Dujardin, 1845 (Nematoda), Neoechinorhynchus sp. and Pomphorhynchus sp. (Acanthocephala), Bothriocephalus acheilognathi Yamaguti, 1934, and Caryophyllaeus laticeps Pallas, 1781 (Cestoda), Allocreadium isoporum Looss, 1894 (Digenea). The distribution of the infection prevalence, mean intensity, and abundance values of parasite species were determined. As a result of our study, 93 of 233 (39.91%) fish were reported with parasites.
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    Molecular Investigation and Phylogenetic Analysis of Ehrlichia canis in Dogs in Siirt, Türkiye
    (2022) Çelik, Burçak Aslan; Yılmaz, Ali Bilgin; Çelik, Özgür Yaşar; Ayan, Adnan; Kılınç, Özlem Orunç; Özdemir, Ramazan; Ayan, Özge Oktay
    Ehrlichia canis is the primary etiologic agent of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis, a tick-transmitted disease of dogs. The aim of this study is to molecularly investigate the presence of E. canis and to reveal its prevalence in dogs in Siirt province. The animal material of the study is consisted of a total of 82 dogs. A region of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene of E. canis was targeted for PCR amplification. As a result of the conducted Nested-PCR, positivity was detected at the rate of 10.53% (4/38) in male dogs and 13.64% (6/44) in females, and Ehrlichia canis specific bands of size 389 bp were obtained in 10 (12.20%) dogs in total. The phylogenetic tree was constructed with the Maximum Likelihood (MCL) method, The nucleotide sequence was registered in the NCBI GenBank database with access numbers OK331365.1-OK331366. Early detection of the disease by means of hematological, serological, or molecular tests is very important in terms of prognosis. More studies should be performed to determine vector-disease relationships in this region about ticks that vector the disease.
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    MOLECULAR INVESTIGATION OF SOME BACTERIA (COXİELLA BURNETİİ, MYCOPLASMA HAEMOCANİS, CANDİDATUS MYCOPLASMA HAEMATOPARVUM, WOLBACHİA) IN RHIPICEPHALUS SANGUINEUS TICKS IN SIIRT PROVINCE, TURKEY
    (Assiut University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 2022) Çelik, Burçak Aslan; Çelik, Özgür Yaşar; Ayan, Adnan; Yilmaz, Ali Bilgin; Kilinç, Özlem Orunç; Şababoğlu, Ezgi; Ayan, Özge Oktay
    Ticks harbor the largest diversity of microorganisms, ranging from viruses, prokaryotes, and eukaryotes. Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks are the most common ticks worldwide. Although dogs are the main host of this tick species, it has been reported that it also infests humans in various parts of the world. This study aimed to examine some bacteria (Coxiella burnetii, Mycoplasma haemocanis, Candidatus Mycoplasma haematoparvum, Wolbachia) in Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks sampled from dogs. In this study, 350 tick samples collected from 85 dogs in Siirt province were determined to be Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks. Coxiella DNA was detected in 3 (0.85%) out of 350 ticks using Nested PCR (687 base pairs). None of the samples were found to contain Mycoplasma haemocanis, Candidatus Mycoplasma haematoparvum, and Wolbachia DNA. A partial sequence of the IS1111 gene region was registered in GenBank with OM472143 accession numbers. Considering the zoonotic nature of the Q disease, it is very important for dog owners and related institutions to periodically spray animals against ticks, and to take any other necessary precautions. More samples are needed to determine the Mhc, CMhp, and Wolbachia prevalence. © 2022, Assiut University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine. All rights reserved.
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    Molecular Survey of the Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in brain tissue of aborted fetuses of Morkaraman sheep in Muş, Türkiye
    (2023) Koca, Davut; Çelik, Burçak Aslan; Çelik, Özgür Yaşar; Ayan, Adnan; Kılınç, Özlem Orunç; Turgut, Ali Osman; Ayan, Özge Oktay
    Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum are obligate intracellular protozoan parasites that can affect different warm-blooded species worldwide. In this study, it was aimed to detect T. gondii and N. caninum using PCR method in brain tissues of aborted sheep fetuses. Brain specimens were collected from 50 Morkaraman sheep fetuses that had undergone abortion at various stages of pregnancy, within the lambing seasons of 2023 in Muş. Approximately 1 cm³ of brain tissue from the right cerebral hemisphere was excised and subsequently frozen at -20°C for DNA extraction. DNA extraction and PCR amplification were then performed. As a result of this study, 11 (22%) of 50 brain tissues were positive. All brain samples examined in this study were negative for Neospora caninum. Based on the results of this study, it is possible to say that T. gondii is an important abortion agent in sheep in this region. Although N. caninum was not detected in this study, larger scale studies are recommended. Moreover, this study provides important information to breeders and veterinarians in the evaluation and management of abortion in the field.
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    Retrospective Evaluation of Canine Leishmaniasis in Turkey
    (2019) Çelik, Burçak Aslan; Çelik, Özgür Yaşar; Şahin, Tekin
    Leishmaniasis is a zoonotic parasitic disease that is found in parts of the tropics, subtropics, andsouthern Europe. Due to its zoonotic nature, it is as a very important problem for both animal andhuman health, and it poses a significant risk for approximately 310 million people in 98 countries.Like many protozoan parasites, Leishmania have a digenetic life cycle involving both a mammalianhost and an insect vector. The disease has at least four main clinical forms, namely the visceral,cutaneous, mucocutaneous, and diffuse cutaneous forms. In Turkey, two forms of the diseasecaused by various Leishmania species can be encountered: the cutaneous leishmaniasis andvisceral leishmaniasis. Domestic dogs in urban and peri-urban areas and wild canids in the ruralareas or nature are the main reservoirs for visceral leishmaniasis. Dogs are important for thespread of the disease as they can both clinically be infected and can act as reservoirs for othermammals, particularly humans. Studies performed in Turkey indicate that the prevalence of thedisease is between 0% and 27.18%. The prevalence of the disease for the Mediterranean, Aegean,Central Anatolia, Black Sea, Eastern Anatolia, Marmara, and Southeastern Anatolia regions havebeen determined as 12.96%, 9.08%, 5.82%, 5.38%, 4.38%, 2.40%, and 0.00%, respectively. Inthis review, the aim was to retrospectively evaluate the prevalence of the canine leishmaniasis inTurkey.
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    Van, Mu?, Siirt ve Diyarbakır ?llerinde Sığırlarda Anaplasmosis’in Seroprevalansı
    (2018) Oğuz, Bekir; Özdal, Nalan; Kılınç, Özlem Orunç; Karakuş, Ayşe; Çelik, Burçak Aslan; Değer, M. Serdar
    Rikettsiales dizisi, Anaplasmatacae ailesindeki Anaplasma türlerinin meydana getirdiği anaplasmosis, tropik vesubtropik iklim bölgelerindeki memeli hayvanlarda görülen enfeksiyöz bir hastalıktır. Sığır anaplasmosisigenellikle Anaplasma marginale ile ilişkilendirilir ve bu hastalık hem kan emici sinekler ile mekanik hem de kenelerile biyolojik yolla nakledilir. Bu çalışma Van, Muş, Siirt ve Diyarbakır İllerinde sığırlarda Anaplasma spp.seroprevalansının araştırılması amacıyla yapılmıştır. Serum örnekleri ticari cELISA kiti ile Anaplasma’ya karşıgelişen antikorlar yönünden analiz edilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda incelenen 182 sığırın 52’sinde (%28,6)Anaplasma spp. antikorları bakımından seropozitiflik saptanmıştır. Dişi sığırlarda seroprevalans %29.3,erkeklerde ise %27.1 olarak belirlenmiş ve bu farklılık istatistiksel açıdan önemsiz bulunmuştur. İstatiksel olaraksığırlarda yaş gruplarına göre farklı seropozitiflik saptanmış olup, en yüksek oran 3-5 (%45.1) yaş arasındakihayvanlarda bulunmuştur. Ayrıca çalışma merkezleri arasında en yüksek seropozitiflik %78.7 oranı ile Siirt ilindebelirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, Van, Muş, Siirt ve Diyarbakır illerinde sığırlarda subklinik ve kronik Anaplasmaenfeksiyonlarının varlığı ortaya konulmuştur.