Oc, SemaTegin, IbrahimYabalak, ErdalSaka, Cafer2024-12-242024-12-2420232190-68152190-6823https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-023-05242-1https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12604/6246The aim of this study is based on the efficient removal of cadmium ions (Cd2+) from aqueous solutions with the adsorbent obtained by various modification strategies on hydrochar-based carbon particles obtained by hydrothermal carbonization from green pistachio hulls as a precursor. Hydrochloric acid (HCl), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), or phosphoric acid (H3PO4) were used to functionalize the surface to increase the adsorption capacity of hydrochar. Maximum Cd2+ adsorption capacity from environmental waters by PHHC-NaOH hydrochar at 298 K was found to be 526.31 mg/g. Surface morphology and chemical compositions of hydrochar were investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and thermogravimetric/differential (TG-DTA) and nitrogen adsorption/desorption analyses. Isotherm, kinetic, and thermodynamic properties were evaluated in detail. Also, possible mechanisms for Cd2+ binding on modified hydrochar were evaluated.eninfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessPistachio green hullHydrothermal treatmentHydrochar modificationAdsorptionArticleQ2WOS:001132360500004Q22-s2.0-8518048803910.1007/s13399-023-05242-1