Levent, AbdulkadirSaka, Cafer2025-03-172025-03-172025-01-01Levent, A., & Saka, C. (2025). Stable electrode material for use in supercapacitor with iodine doping after sulfonation of mesoporous activated carbon particles based on microalgae biomass. Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery, 1-14.219068152-s2.0-85219026219https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-025-06696-1https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12604/8561Developing appropriate electrode materials is crucial for achieving supercapacitors with high power output and extended cycle life. Among these, biomass-derived carbon electrodes hold a prominent position in supercapacitor applications. However, these electrodes need to be modified by appropriate methods to increase their performance. In this study, sulphur and iodine heteroatom functionalization was performed using a hydrothermal method on activated carbon (SPAC) derived from a microalgae precursor through potassium hydroxide activation, resulting in iodine- and sulphur-doped SPAC (iodine@S-doped SPAC). Characterization was carried out with Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and nitrogen adsorption/desorption analyses. The electrochemical properties of the resulting composite material as a supercapacitor were examined. A specific capacitance of 208.95 F/g was achieved with the iodine@S-doped SPAC supercapacitor. The maximum energy density and power density of the supercapacitor, derived from the iodine@S-doped SPAC sample, were calculated as 5.11 Wh/kg and 2000 W/kg, respectively. Additionally, the coulombic efficiency of this supercapacitor was calculated to be 87.57% at a current density of 0.06 A/g. It also exhibited a capacity retention of up to 89.72% over 1000 cycles.eninfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessHydrothermal heatingIodine and sulphur dopingMicroalgaePyrolysisSupercapacitorJournalQ2WOS:001434065300001Q22-s2.0-8521902621910.1007/s13399-025-06696-1